The Theories Of Behaviorist Theory - 1116 Words

Behavioral Behaviorist theory was developed by John Watson in the early 1900s. This theory was considered very radical at the time if its inception, as the field of psychology was focused on the study of the mind and consciousness (â€Å"Behaviorism Theory Overview,† n.d.). Watson based much of his theory on Pavlov’s classical conditioning, and as a result believed that nurture was the cause of human differences (â€Å"John B. Watson,† n.d.). The experiment that Watson used to apply Pavlov’ classical conditioning theory to humans was the â€Å"Little Albert† experiment. In this experiment Watson began working with a nine month old infant, observing his responses to various stimuli (McLeod, 2014). The baby was introduced to many stimuli, including a white rat. â€Å"Albert† did not show any fear or negative responses to the stimuli, and in fact responded very positively to the rat (McLeod, 2014). To demonstrate that a response could be c onditioned in humans much like in Pavlov’s dogs, Watson introduced the rat again, but this time banged a hammer into a steal bar when â€Å"Albert† reached to touch the rat (McLeod, 2014). This sudden loud noise frightened â€Å"Albert† causing him to react negatively. Watson continued this weekly for seven weeks, and by the end â€Å"Albert† would cry at just the sight of the rat or any white furry objects (McLeod, 2014). This proved to Watson that behavior is a response to â€Å"nurture.† Today, behaviorist theory is viewed as an incomplete theory. This is not becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of A Behaviorist Theory Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesBehaviorist theory is the basis for inventions such as computer assisted instruction, mastery learning, minimal competency testing, educational accountability, situated cognition, and even social constructivism. Behaviorism is primarily based on the fact that there is a predictable and reliable l ink between a stimulus and the response it produces. If behavior is foreseeable, creators need to identify subskills, students must master that lead to a learned behavior, and then select stimuli and performanceRead MoreThe Behaviorist Theory And The Nativist Theory963 Words   |  4 Pagesother signals that has meaning to them (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner Nock, 2015). There are various theories about how children develop language, in this paper I will talk about the behaviorist theory and the nativist theory. The behaviorist theory is an explanation that children learn language by reinforcement, shaping and other principles of operant conditioning (Schacter et al., 2015). This theory is all according to B.F. Skinner, he believes that if a child’s vocalizations are not given praiseRead MoreThe Behaviorist Theory of Learning1081 Words   |  4 PagesThe cornerstone of the theory of learning underlying Situational language teaching is a type of behaviorist habit-learning theory. It addresses the primacy of the processes rather than the conditions of learning. As pointed out by Overton (2013), the behaviorist theory of learning is rooted in the principle of habit formation. Mistakes are prohibited so as to escape bad habit formation. In line with the character of behaviorism, the teacher is supposed to present the language orally rather than inRead MoreThe Humanistic Theory Of Humanistic And Behaviorist761 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor and Classmates: In discussing two of the chosen theories, I made my decision to choose Humanistic and Behaviorist. In the Humanistic Theory, people are often looked upon as to handling their lives and actions, and they have the freedom and will to change their attitudes and behavior. Two important humanistic theorists and psychologists were, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Abraham Maslow was a psychotherapist, considered the founder of the humanist movement in psychology. He examinedRead MoreMajor Principles of Behaviorist and Neo-Behaviorist Theories2412 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Theories of learning have been significantly shaped by two perspectives, behaviorism and neo-behaviorism. Both perspectives of learning theories were not developed as a consequence of research in any one academic field and these theories have influenced the conduct in many disciplines, for both researchers and practitioners. Present study is aimed at investigating both perspectives of learning theories, behaviorism and neo-behaviorism. With several sub-categories of behavioral andRead MoreThe Geography Geniuses Generated 3 Behaviorist Theory2055 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation and landmarks embedded in states. With all this in mind, the Geography Geniuses generated 3 behaviorist and 3 constructivist activities that allow the students to learn and practice geographic locations. The first activity my third grade students will learn is a constructivist activity, which promotes active learning and learning by doing. It derives from constructivism one of Piaget s theory it is defined as the view that meaningful learning is the active creation of knowledge instead ofRead MoreComparison of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with Skinners Behaviorist Theory1587 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with Skinners Behaviorist Theory Typing Template for APA Papers: A Sample of Proper APA Fifth Edition Formatting Deborah DiBerardino Grand Canyon University: Educational Psychology EDU 313N Amy Wilkinson August 5, 2012 Comparison of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with Skinners Behaviorist Theory The definition of motivation according to Dictionary.com is: â€Å"The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way; theRead MoreThe Theories Of Language Acquisition1707 Words   |  7 Pagesable to acquire language. This fascination has led to the development of numerous theories of language acquisition. Two major theories of language acquisition include the behaviorist theory and the innatist theory. Both contrasting theories are influential to developmental research and inspire much research in an attempt to support or disprove each theory. Behaviorist Theory of Language Acquisition The behaviorist theory of language acquisition represents the nurture side of the nature-nurture debateRead MoreAll Our Personalities Is Unique Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagesmatter (â€Å"What is Personality,† 2009). The behaviorist perspective on personality seeks to develop explanations of behavior; behaviorist believe that personality develops as people interact with others in their environments. Thus, personality development is a complex process but there are many potential environmental influences that help to shape it (Moore, 2013). Behaviorism is a theory of personality that sees everything in terms of conditioning. The theory was founded by John B. Watson who believedRead MoreUnderstanding Of Different Learning Theories1092 Words   |  5 PagesDIFFERENT LEARNING THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION TO e-LEARNING AND ONLINE LEARNING ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to explain the understanding of different learning theories and their implication and application to e-learning and online learning. These theories are classical conditioning, behaviorist theory, information processing theory or cognitive theory and constructivist theory. The paper focuses mainly on how learners should learn from different learning theories and how technology

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1522 Words

In many cases, humans are instinctually very judgmental and quick to label individuals. It is so easy to look upon a person who we are not acquainted with and create false judgments based on what we see. The judgment of individuals who we are not acquainted with is chiefly based on their public appearance and how they seem to carry themselves. The fictitious book The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, takes place in the Puritan town of Boston. The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants who sought to â€Å"purify† the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices. Puritans were unhappy with the limited extent of the English Reformation and with the Church of England’s tolerance of practices. One can assume that†¦show more content†¦Some may even speculate what the homeless person might have done to end up in their current position. Thus making inaccurate assumptions about that person and having judged them erroneously. The Purit ans lived the same judgmental way. â€Å"[The Puritans] believed that God expected them to live according to the Scriptures, to reform the Anglican Church, and to set a good example that would cause those who had remained in England to change their sinful ways.† They also â€Å"were self-governing bodies, answerable to no higher authority†. One can conclude that the Puritans’ belief in the truth that God had expected them to live according to the Scriptures led to their adoption of a much stricter way of living. Hester Prynne, the protagonist who had committed adultery, is condemned to wear the scarlet â€Å"A† to speak for her sinful actions. â€Å"[The Puritans] believed that the civil government should strictly enforce public morality by prohibiting vices like drunkenness, gambling, ostentatious dress, swearing, and Sabbath-breaking.† Punishing Hester publically at the pillory not only humiliates her but it also stains her public perception. Hav ing the scarlet â€Å"A† imbedded into her bosom brands her as an impure woman who broke the covenant she had made with her original husband. Judging a person through a scarlet â€Å"A† is not only erroneous but also hypocritical. It is erroneous because it does not make any

Commercial Influences Free Essays

Scientific research, considered to be the absolute study by universities or other non-commercial institutions, is now becoming commercialized gradually. However, the involvement of business into the professional studies brings more negative impacts than positive ones. Apparently, some special areas that are popular with commercial industries, are now suffering difficult challenges. We will write a custom essay sample on Commercial Influences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, this essay will emphasize how businesses influence science negatively. Indeed, the involvement of commercial companies influences both scientists’ independence and the relevant balance of different areas. Firstly, scientists who are engaged in some areas being sponsored by commercial institutions appear to lose certain parts of their patents and be more dependent on businesses. For example, it is clear that almost all engineering department in the UK have received funding from the arms industry (text 3a, lines 27-30). Meanwhile, the research scientists carrying on would be required to consider commercial interests more than public needs. Some scientists would be limited to express their own concerns, such as Nancy Olivieri, who is the haematologist of university and have been stopped to publicize her own concerns of the drug toxicity (text 3b, lines 64-66). Secondly, in terms of short-term interests, most companies prefer to participate in some research that is intended to be immediately profitable so that other areas that need a long-term study would be neglected. Definitely, it is so hard for those studies that focus on environmental problems, such as ‘blue-sky’ research and ‘low-input’ agriculture, to gain adequate support from businesses. Even if these research are low-cost and public would benefit lots from them, few companies are willing to cooperate with these studies (text 3a, lines 70-74). Although the excessive involvement of business could be increasingly detrimental, some areas will not worry about the fund any more if they can gain more support from business. To avoid the conflict between business and scientific research and to harness the commercial interest effectively, review panels can be set up to protect both science and public (text 3b, lines 120-125). In conclusion, the negative participation of businesses are now considered to be an obstacle to some extent, but what the social needs most should be an appropriate control from government to balance the commercial and public interests. However, the fact that the commercial behavior brings so bad impacts on the scientific environment cannot be neglected, so that we should approach the conflicts between them. How to cite Commercial Influences, Papers

Case Study On Safe Workplace for Wellbeing of Employee

Question: Describe about the Ensure a Safe Workplace for Wellbeing of Employee. Answer: Rationale for nationally harmonized work health and safety laws The prime objective for the harmonization WHS policy is to set all the health related legislations set within a timeframe. This timeframe also comprises of the model regulations, National Compliance and Enforcement Policy and model Codes of Practice ("Council of Australian Governments COAG", 2016). Importance of health and safety legislation The prime objective of managing health and safety regulation is to the wellbeing of employee, visitors and customers from any hazardous circumstance in the workplace. Another importance is that the employee can get compensation for the adversity to overcome the trauma. Purpose of health and safety regulation The purpose of health and safety regulation is implemented to set out the duties in themodel WHS Act so that employee of an organization can get enough compensation from the hazards like- dangerous machinery, electricity, toxic substances, loads, which have to be manually handled and from psychological hazards also like stress and strain ("Risk assessment - Safe Work Australia", 2016). Purpose of code of practice Code of practice is termed as written legislations by an organization to set guidelines for employees. The primary objective is to explain a professional approach to behave in the workplace so that adverse situation can be avoided ("Model Codes of Practice," 2016). Names of codes of practice models endorsed by Safe Work Australia Safely Removal of Asbestos Demolition Code of Practice Managing Electrical Risks in the Workplace Managing the Risk of fall at Workplaces Safe Design of Structures Managing Risks of Plant in the Workplace Management of risks in health and safety in hazardous manual tasks The risk can be managed by identifying foreseeable hazards that can create risk in future and then take appropriate step to overcoming it. In addition to that, if the risk cannot eliminate it can be reduced in accordance with the hierarchy of control, the implemented control measure has to be maintained and it is regularly monitored for developing a working environment that is without risks to health and safety. Exemplification of two issues High force- Lowering, lifting, or carrying a heavy object that cannot be positioned close to the body. Sudden force- Cutting reinforcement steel with large bolt cutters and carrying an unbalanced load like bagged stock feed pellets that suddenly move ("WorkSafe", 2016) Duty holder in WHS Act Duty holders are the administrative persons who are responsible for ensuring the safety of an employee in the workplace by eliminating the probability of health and safety risks. This can be well defined through the primary duty of care of PCBU. Primary duty of care of PCBU PCBU should provide a safe work environment in factories and maintain safe plant and structures ("PCBU_Afei", 2016). They should also provide a safe system of work and ensure proper usage of storage of plant, structures and substances. One of the important duties is to provide training to the employees to avoid and control risk and then supervise their performance under the hazardous situation. Lastly, they are also responsible for monitoring the health of workers. Work Health and Safety (WHS) responsibilities of workers The employees of an organization have to take care of the safety measure during work that can severely affect their health. They should also follow the legislation formulated by PCBU to gather knowledge what may affect their health and its related consequences. In addition to that, they should also proactively involvein the health and safety programs. They can also refuse some working procedure that affects their health adversely. Underhill (2013) also portray that employee should report their manager about injuries and illness that occurred in the workplace. Identification of the hazards Employee can relate the hazardous activity with the manufacturers' instructionsor data sheetsfor getting the knowledge whether it is a risk or not. Visit the PCBUs Website for the practical guidance on hazards to ensure about the evolved hazards. 10.3 Considering all the non-routine operations like cleaning operations and maintenance and long-term hazards to healtheffects like exposure to harmful chemicals and high levels of noise Risk assessment in workplace health and safety Roberts et al. (2015) define that risk assessment is a systematic procedure to identify hazards and evaluating the associated risk and then implementing some, appropriate ways that can be used to eliminate the hazard. Risk control in workplace health and safety Some unavoidable situations result in hazardous circumstance, in such circumstance the measure is taken to avoid or reduce the adversity is referred as risk control. These measures are supported but the PSVBU's legislation in the Australian workplace. Hierarchy of control Risk can be controlled by following a risk hierarchy. The level one is for taking control measures as eliminating risk is easier than to resolve the occurred risk. Level two is to substitute the hazard with something safer and reduce the risk trough effective engineering controls. Lastly, the level three is to follow the administrative actions and legislation to reduce exposure to the hazard. Figure 1: Risk Control Hierarchy (Source: "WorkSafe", 2016) Reason for reporting WHS incidents The Incident Reporting is required for letting the managing authority know about the adverse situation occurred in the workplace so that effective measures can be taken for the victim. Notifiable incidents One of the notifiable incidents is- the sudden death of an employee due to fire or explosion in the workplace. Duration of keeping record of each notifiable incident by an employer The record for each notifiable incident can be taken for five years from the issue date of notification ("WHS incident notification", 2016). Penalties can be charged for failing to do so. Informing about workplace injury to workers compensation insurer The employee of the workplace must have to report the incident of a workplace injury to their governing authorities within 48 hours ("Reporting Incident", 2016). However, it is also mentioned in the WHS policy that they must provide first aid treatment to the victim, record the details in the register of injuries, and then inform the managing authorities of the organization or to hospitals. Reference List Intergovernmental Agreement for Regulatory and Operational Reform in Occupational Health and Safety | Council of Australian Governments (COAG)., 2016.Coag.gov.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.coag.gov.au/node/276 Model Codes of Practice., 2016.Safeworkaustralia.gov.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/model-whs-laws/model-cop/pages/model-cop PCBU_Afei., 2016.Afei.org.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.afei.org.au/node/96372 Reporting Incident. (2016).Notifying and recording an incident or injury. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/workers-compensation-claims/report-an-incident-or-injury/notifying-and-recording-an-incident-or-injury Risk assessment - Safe Work Australia. (2016).Safeworkaustralia.gov.au. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/whs-information/hazardous-chemicals/printers/howtousethispackage/pages/step2riskassessment Roberts, M. H., Sim, M. R., Black, O., Smith, P. (2015). Occupational injury risk among ambulance officers and paramedics compared with other healthcare workers in Victoria, Australia: analysis of workers compensation claims from 2003 to 2012.Occupational and environmental medicine, oemed-2014. Underhill, E., 2013. The challenge to workplace health and safety and the changing nature of work and the workplace environment.Australian workplace relations, 191-208. WHS incident notification., 2016.SafeWork NSW. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/media/publications/health-and-safety/whs-incident-notification-fact-sheet WorkSafe., 2016.www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/58166/hazardous-manual-tasks-cop-2011.pdf